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gifts of the month hi everybody my name
is Alisha welcome back to our English
class channel today we're gonna be
talking about the difference between bye
and until so let's get started okay so
first we're gonna talk about bye-bye
marks a deadline for an action to finish
by marks the point where an action
completes or is replaced by another
action so really think about using bi to
express a deadline something is going to
stop or you must finish an action at
this point in time so we can think about
bi as marking some point in the future
so by mark some point in the future
where an action is going to finish an
action is going to be completed so in an
example sentence I have I'll be at the
office by 7 p.m. so in this sentence the
speaker is not at the office but 7 p.m.
is the deadline this is the point in
time at which the speaker will be at the
office the speaker is not at the office
now but by 7 p.m. by the 7 p.m. deadline
the speaker will be at the office this
will shows us this is a future tense
expression and by shows us the deadline
the point at which that expression or
the point at which that action is going
to be completed so this is how we use bi
to think about it like a deadline at
some point in time at which an action
will be completed or finished okay so
let's continue on to the other grammar
point for today which is until until
also has a more casual form we can use
till TI ll or apostrophe TI l you might
see both spellings used for until til or
til
in most cases it's good to use until in
casual speaking and maybe in casual
writing you can use the casual form but
until is always polite and is always
correct okay so when we use until let's
talk about when to use until we use
until to talk about a continuing
situation or a continuing state now in
the present or in the future but it's
going to change or stop so the key
difference one key difference here
perhaps is a continuing situation a
continuing state with by the nuance is a
deadline something is going to finish at
a deadline here however until gives us
the nuance of something that's
continuing something true now for
example but that may not be true in the
future until marks the point where that
action or that state is going to finish
or change
hmm okay so we can think of it rather
than as a deadline as a key point in the
future somewhere where action a
continues until a point where we use
until and then a second action begins
something is going to change at the
until point with by however we don't
have the nuance of an action changing we
only have the nuance of a deadline so
here until is used to show that
something different is going to happen
or something something will finish but
there's going to be a change after the
the until point so for example this
sentence very similar to the by example
sentence is I'll be at the office until
7 p.m. so here we have the future tense
I'll I will I'll be at the office until
7 p.m. this sentence shows us the
speaker
is at the office right now however at
7:00 p.m. until shows us that 7:00 p.m.
is the point at which the situation or
this state is going to change so at 7:00
p.m.
the speaker is probably going to leave
the office until shows us that right
here the action or the state is going to
change so please keep that in mind
until shows you a change in something by
shows more of a deadline for an action
that is continuing so I hope that we can
practice this in a few example sentences
now okay so let's try to choose the
correct word to use in these example
sentences should we use by or should we
use until in these cases so the first
one I have is he has to find a new job
bla bla bla March so in this case we see
a point in time we can think about it
should we use bi or until here if we use
bi we see that the deadline the deadline
nuance matches here he has to find a new
job
by March if we use until he has to find
a new job until March there's no
information in this sentence that shows
us a hint or that gives us a hint about
how the action is going to change until
does not make sense for this question so
we should use by in this case he has to
find a new job
by March is the correct answer for this
sentence in the second sentence I'm not
going to go to bed
bla bla bla I finish this movie so in
this sentence we have at the end I
finish this movie so there's some action
maybe that's continuing here and we have
another action I'm not going to go to
bed in this case it's a negative so
there are two actions here this is a
pretty good hint that there's an action
that's going to change at some point
instead of the new
of a deadline so for this sentence until
is the best answer I'm not going to go
to bed until until I finish this movie
this shows us that at this point the
point where I finish the movie I'm going
to go to bed
this marks the change in the continuing
state or the continuing situation so the
next sentence is they need to write
their reports blah blah blah tomorrow so
this sentence there's no change in the
sentence we don't have any hints about
some kind of different action that's
going to happen instead we have maybe
what seems to be a deadline some
requirement here too so if we try to use
until it doesn't make sense there's no
changing action we can't guess about
what might happen in the future or a
change that might happen so by is the
best answer here they need to write
their reports by tomorrow tomorrow is
the deadline so we can guess that
tomorrow is the deadline here by shows
us that it's the deadline in this case
for this task all right let's take a
look at something a little bit different
here we have we can't leave the house
bla bla bla your mother calls so again
there are two situations there are two
actions involved in this sentence we
have leave the house and your mother
calls makes a phone call so because
there are two actions here we can guess
that there's some change that's going to
happen so because we learned that until
marks a change in actions we know that
until is the better answer here okay we
can't leave the house until your mother
calls would be the correct sentence here
alright so let's look at the next
sentence though this one is a tricky
sentence this one is a little bit
difficult we have I'm not going to be
there something something 8 p.m. mmm so
here
we have 8 p.m. at the end of a sentence
which looks like a deadline right we
have going to be there mmm so should we
use buy or until for this sentence it's
difficult because actually both are okay
for this sentence I'm not going to be
there by 8:00 p.m. is correct and I'm
not going to be there until 8:00 p.m. is
also correct
however the meanings are very different
just as we practiced in these two
sentences I'll be at the office until
I'll be at the office by 7:00 p.m. the
same is true here I'm not going to be
there by 8:00 p.m. means I'm not going
to be there at 8:00 p.m. it's not
possible for me I can't go however I'm
not going to be there until 8:00 p.m.
this sentence means after 8:00 p.m. or
beginning at 8:00 p.m. and after I'm
going to be there so please be careful
in some cases both bye and until are
correct but they change the meaning of
the sentence okay let's continue to
another example so the next example
sentence is also a little bit difficult
it's if my date doesn't arrive something
something 7:00 p.m. I'm leaving okay
so here we have we do have two actions
doesn't arrive my date doesn't arrive a
negative point and I'm leaving so it
seems like there are two actions here
however we have this 7 p.m. this marks a
deadline right so if my date doesn't
arrive there's some deadline here if
this is not completed something is going
to happen the person is going to leave
so in this case 7 p.m. is showing a
deadline so we have to use bye
if my date doesn't arrive
until 7:00 p.m. we could use that but it
doesn't sound so natural so the new once
again here is of a deadline there's
something that is going to happen at
7:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. marks the endpoint
in this situation so we use by here okay
let's go to the next pair again these
are very interesting points we have to
leave the beach but bah blah
10:00 a.m. and we have to stay at the
beach blah blah blah 10:00 a.m. okay so
these two sentences I included because I
wanted to show the emphasis of changing
actions and continuing actions so we can
see the verbs are different here in the
first sentence we have leave so this is
a change leaving a location in the
second sentence I have stay which shows
a continuing action stay in one place so
here as you can guess then we have to
leave the beach blah blah blah 10:00
a.m. some change some deadline so we'll
use by to show our deadline in the
second sentence we have to stay at the
beach stay shows a continuing action and
then it's going to finish here so we'll
use unto we have to stay at the beach
until 10:00 a.m. this shows us a
continuing action and maybe at 10:00
a.m. we'll leave the beach all right
let's go on to the next sentence
I'm not going to travel abroad bla bla
bla I learn English okay so here there's
no time point there's no 10:00 a.m. 8:00
p.m. tomorrow and so on so this is a
little more complex maybe we have travel
abroad and learn English so it seems
there's no real deadline here but we
have maybe a change maybe this shows us
some kind of change learning English
marks a change so I'm not going to
travel abroad and
I learn English hmm this shows us that
something different is going to happen
in the future so we should use until to
mark that change okay our last example
sentence for today is we told him to
wake up
bla bla bla 6 a.m. so once more our last
sentence may be a little bit simple but
6 a.m. shows us an action sort of this
deadline you can see a lot of these use
a time to mark a deadline for an action
so here we told him to wake up by 6 a.m.
this is the point at which something
must happen so we should use bye ok
great so those are a few examples
sentences that you can have a look at
and think about when you're trying to
decide whether to use bi or until keep
in mind however there are some cases
where both by or until are correct but
the meaning is going to change
significantly depending on the one you
use want to get cheat sheets audio books
lessons apps and much more every month
for free just click the link in the
description to get your free language
gifts of the month today I'm going to
talk about the difference between really
and very these are sometimes confused or
it's difficult to know when you should
use really or when you should use very
so today I'm going to give a quick
explanation that hopefully can help you
decide when to use really and when to
use very so let's start ok first there's
one thing that's common one thing that
both of these do really and very are
both used to add intensity or to add
emphasis to what you're saying so both
of them have the same effect ok so but
let's start with really really is used
to modify so to add emphasis to to
change verbs we also use really to
modify adjectives and adverbs so a few
examples here this sentence you're
really funny so funny is an
objective we use really before the
adjective to modify so this gives
emphasis to the word funny then we have
this word fast this is an adverb in this
sentence he runs really fast we add
really to show he runs really fast it
emphasizes the speed at which he runs
finally I have the adjective tired I'm
really tired so we emphasize tired by
placing really before the adjective so
we can use really to modify verbs and we
can use it to modify adjectives okay
we'll talk a little bit more about the
verbs part a little bit later okay let's
go on to very though so very is used to
modify adjectives and adverbs only we
cannot use very to modify verbs so
please be careful you cannot use this
with a verb we'll see this in just a
moment for me however a recommendation I
tend to use very more in negative
sentences I don't use really so much
when I'm making a negative statement so
let's look at a few examples first this
sandwich is very good so good is my
adjective here so I use very to modify
it yes I can use really here as well
this sandwich is really good is also a
correct sentence the next one you are
not very funny so here's a negative that
I was talking about funny is the
adjective in this sentence and saying
not very is a negative statement you can
say you're not really funny but to me it
sounds a bit more natural to say you're
not very funny
here's one more example he doesn't run
very fast
so again I have the adverb fast here
with very and my negative so he doesn't
run very fast emphasizes that he is not
a fast runner okay and finally they're
very rich this one uses an adjective
rich they're very rich we can say
they're really rich both are correct
so let's take a look at some example
sentences and in particular I want to
point out a few cases where we can use
really with verbs as I talked about here
so let's take a look let's look at the
first sentence the sentence here is day
something something like vacationing in
France so here I have the verb like like
we know that really is only used to
modify verbs we cannot use very to
modify verbs therefore the correct
answer here is really they really like
vacationing in France okay
the next sentence my schedule is
something something busy we see that
busy is an adjective
my schedule is something something busy
so really and very are both correct I'm
really busy I'm sorry my schedule is
really busy or my schedule is very busy
both of these are correct
in the next sentence that restaurant
wasn't something something good so I
mentioned that this one very is I
something I tend to use more in negative
patterns so here we have a negative we
have the negative wasn't in this
sentence so that restaurant wasn't very
good sounds nice
okay the next sentence it's something
something rainy today so rainy we have
an adjective here it's rainy that means
we can use really or very also it's a
positive statement here okay the next
expression your boss seems something
something angry with you again here's an
adjective and the sentence the statement
is a positive statement so again we can
use either really or very okay let's go
to the next one she something something
eats a lot here we have the verb eats
she something something eats because
it's a verb we know we can only use
really in this situation so she really
eats a lot is the correct sentence here
okay
similar we have he something something
cats so hates is our verb here again the
same rule applies we can only use really
with verbs so really is the correct
answer he really hates cats
okay one more i something-something hope
we can take I'm sorry I
something-something hope we can catch up
soon so once more our verb is hope I
hope we're emphasizing I really hope so
these three all have the same pattern
they're all modifying a verb here okay
final one this is something something
easy so easy is an adjective we can use
really or very in this case this is
really easy or this is very easy both
are correct in this case all right so
that's a quick overview of when to use
really and when to use very please
remember you can only use really in
front of a verb and if you're making a
negative statement try to use very
instead of really it'll sound a little
bit more natural today I'm going to give
a short explanation of the difference
between look watch and see so let's get
started okay the first verb that I want
to talk about is look we use look when
we simply want to explain that we are
moving our eyes to something just moving
the eyes is to look at something there's
no expectation that the item or the
object we are looking at is going to
change there's no expectation that some
change is going to happen
we're simply moving our eyes to
something finally when you use look and
an object follows the verb you need to
follow look with at so for example look
at that look at me look at that look at
her look at him all of these use at
because an object follows the verb look
so look at that thing when you use an
expression like look over there there's
no object there so only when there's an
object after the word look you need to
use
to connect the two okay so remember look
is used when you're simply moving your
eyes to something okay
let's talk then about the verb watch so
we use watch when we want to focus our
attention on something so focusing your
attention can be on something happening
in front of you like a performance can
be movie TV but the nuance with watch is
you are watching something that is
changing or moving something is going to
happen there's an expectation of change
or movement evolution in some way we use
watch in those cases focused attention
on something that is changing or
something that is moving is when we use
watch then finally see the verb see is
used when we just notice something we
happen to notice something maybe a
person has come into the room and we see
that person we notice something but
we're not necessarily focusing so maybe
we see it our eyes catch it but we don't
focus on that thing that is when we use
see so to recap we use look just to move
our eyes to something we use watch for
focused attention on something that is
moving or something that is changing and
we use see when we just notice something
but we don't necessarily focus on it
okay so this is the basic use of these
three verbs but there are a couple of
exceptions so here I have special cases
especially for performances so for
example movies TV shows concerts
sporting events and so on these have
slightly different rules we will only
use watch or see for these cases please
do not use look in these cases please
use watch or see if you're having
trouble deciding when to use watch or
see a good rule or a good guideline is
if it's something outside the house
something outside your home your
apartment use the verb see if you're at
home doing something at home like
watching a movie for example used
for watch so for example over here you
would see a movie in a movie theater
see a baseball game watch a DVD at home
or watch the awards show at home so
these are at home actions and these are
outside the home action so we use see
and watch in these cases okay but let's
try to choose the correct verb in these
example sentences that I've prepared so
first one tonight I'm going to something
something Game of Thrones Game of
Thrones is a popular TV show so we
should use watch because we learned that
watch is used for things outside or I'm
sorry because we learned that watch is
used for actions at home things we do at
home it's more natural to use watch I'm
going to watch Game of Thrones ok the
next sentence I want to something
something that new movie new movie
probably means going to a movie theater
so we should use the verb see I want to
see that new movie is the correct verb
here something something up ahead
traffic is terrible so up ahead means in
front of you in front of the car in this
case it's car it's traffic related so up
ahead
in this case the speaker is asking the
listener to move his or her eyes in
front of them to to go up ahead with
their eyes so you can use the verb look
look up ahead traffic is terrible so
move your eyes up ahead it's the command
okay next one last night I stayed in and
something something a football game so
stayed in means stayed home I stayed at
home we use the expression stayed in so
I stayed in and watch this is an at home
action past tense I watched a football
game last night ok next one I can't wait
to something something my favorite band
next week so again this is a performance
outside the house my favorite band so
we'll use see I can't wait to see my
favorite band next week ok
next sentence when I something-something
into the forest I something-something a
deer okay there are two verbs in this
sentence we're going to use looked so
when I moved my eyes into the forest
I moved my direction my my my eyes moved
in the direction of the forest and I
something-something a deer so we noticed
something I saw a deer I saw a deer a
deer entered my eyes is a weird way to
say it but that's the nuance here I
happened to notice I wasn't focusing but
I saw this in my eye I saw a deer okay
let's look at a really difficult one i
something-something up from my book and
something something you you were
something something a video on your
phone okay so similar here I something
something up I looked up I moved my eyes
up from my book so I was reading I moved
my eyes up from my book and something
something you so here I noticed I saw
past tense I saw you then here you were
something something a video on your
phone a video on your phone so maybe we
need to use the verb watch because the
person has focused their attention on
their phone on the video you were
watching past progressive tense you were
watching a video on your phone so here
in this situation we have all three
verbs finally let's use it in a question
when did you last something something
your roommate so when did you last
notice your roommate we would use the
verb see when did you last see your
roommate when was the last time you saw
your roommate you noticed your roommate
so these are some great examples of
sentences where it might be difficult to
guess should I use look should I use see
should I use watch but keep these rules
in mind so remember when you move your
eyes to something use look don't forget
to use
when an object follows the verb to when
you want to focus your attention or talk
about something that's changing and
moving use watch like movies and TV
shows when you want to just talk about
noticing something but not focusing your
attention use see so this is a basic
introduction to the differences between
look see and watch I hope it was useful
for you if you like you can try to leave
a comment with one of these verbs in
your sentence or if you have any
questions please let us know as well
want to get cheat sheets audio books
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gifts of the month today I'm going to
talk about say tell and speak I'm going
to talk about the differences between
when we use these and also give some
examples of how to use them as well so
let's go okay the first one I want to
talk about is say say so we use say when
we want to have a very neutral feel to
what we're talking about we use say when
we report speech were reporting
information reporting something we heard
reporting something someone else said to
us so as I just use the past tense of
say is said please be careful it is not
say IDI say IDI it should be said the
spelling changes said he said she said
we said they said okay so when we want
to report speech we can use the past
tense like I've just done for example he
said dinner was delicious this is a past
tense statement so maybe previously
before the conversation someone he said
this statement dinner was delicious
think of this like a quote dinner was
delicious he said dinner was delicious
another example you said you were tired
you said you were tired so again before
the conversation the other person said
he or she was tired but here to report
you said you were tired and we use the
past tense
say said to do that okay one more with
the present tense then remember we use
the present tense when we're talking
about general facts or things which are
always true regular actions so in this
case I've used present tense I said I
never say mean things so here I have
present tense this is a general fact in
this case I never say mean things so
again a very neutral way of talking
about verbal communication okay so
that's how we use say an introduction to
how we use say then let's talk about how
to use tell we use tell a little bit
differently from the way that we use say
so we use tell when we want to show kind
of a one way nuance there's sort of
one-way communication happening so by
that I mean that someone is passing new
information or giving new information to
another person something I do not
already know I'm having someone tell me
someone is going to tell me new
information so we use this in past tense
a lot the past tense of tell is told he
told me she told me they told me this
gives us the nuance of new information
something I'm learning something I am
hearing for the first time I can use
tell or told in past tense also one
point about to tell the object in many
cases is a person so by that I mean
after the verb tell the item coming
after it in the sentence is usually a
person so the person receiving the
information so please tell me please
tell her please tell him the person
indicated here or the group of people
indicated here after the verb tell
that's the person or the group of people
receiving the information learning the
information okay so let's see I told you
to call me here I have the past tense I
told you to call me so you this is the
receiver of the information I told you
to call me I asked you to call me here
okay
so this is the report some some
command we can use tell and told to give
commands I told you to call me I gave
you the new request to call me in other
words okay one more a request this time
can you tell me where the bathroom is
so here tell me so this is a request for
information can you tell me where the
bathroom is I don't know where the
bathroom is please give me new
information please tell me where it is
okay here we also use present tense yeah
so when your geek when you're making a
requests please make sure to use the
present tense can you tell me something
one more why didn't you tell me
the party was cancelled another question
why didn't you tell me
so you didn't give me new information
about the party why why didn't you tell
me
bla bla bla we can use this pattern for
if you miss information or if someone
forgot to tell you something if someone
forgot to give you information that you
needed you can say why didn't you tell
me
bah bah blah to make a different
sentence you could say why didn't you
tell her or why didn't you tell them why
didn't you tell our boss some other
examples a positive sentence could be
why did you tell him why did you tell
her for example if someone tells a
secret hmm
so we can use tell to give new
information to pass new information
along okay so that's tell so the next
verb that I want to talk about today is
the verb speak so we use speak to mean a
conversation yes so speak has the nuance
of a conversation but it has the nuance
of a more formal tone we would use speak
in more formal situations like a
business meeting or a work setting for
example or for maybe a more serious
conversation but we can use speak with
either with or two so I mean speak with
someone and speak to someone so the
difference between these two is very
very small if you say speak with my boss
it sounds like you expect a conversation
with your boss speaking with someone
sounds like there's information passing
back and forth between the two of you
speak to your boss
sounds more like for example you're
going to say a lot of things you're
going to give a lot of information and
your boss will participate a little bit
but there's more nuance of giving
information than passing information
back and forth so if you want to make a
more conversational nuance use with
speak with someone if you want it to
sound a little more one-sided a little
more one-way use speak to someone okay
so we also use speak four languages like
I speak English I speak French I speak
Japanese I don't speak German I don't
speak Thai so please you speak four
languages as well the past tense of
speak is spoke please be careful it is
not speak to please use spoke the past
tense is spoke I spoke English every day
when I lived in America for example so
please use spoke as the past tense here
also the past participle form is spoken
spoken so we'll see that in a little bit
maybe okay
so some example sentence is you should
speak with or to your boss so here you
can choose with sounds more
conversational to sounds a little more
direct you should speak with your boss
you should speak to your boss okay past
tense sentence I spoke with my manager I
spoke with my manager we shared
information last have you spoken to HR
have you spoken to HR here's a present
perfect tense sentence I've used spoken
here okay good so that's a nice maybe a
wrap up of a few different verbs that
are commonly confused when talking about
speech let's go to some example
sentences all right the first example
sentence is my friend something
something me my cooking was bad okay my
cooking was bad this is probably new
information for a person another hint we
have me there's a person here in the
object position of the sentence so we
can guess this should be the verb tell
however we have this hint my cooking was
bad was bad a pass
tense so we should use the past tense
form of tell told here okay next one
they something something I have to work
tomorrow so here I have to work tomorrow
this is maybe just information it sounds
like somebody passed some information to
me so if I want to think of this as like
reporting speech I would use the verb
say in the past tense
said so I know this should not be tell
because there's no object here I know it
should not be speak because there's no
width and there's no two here either so
I know this should be they said I have
to work tomorrow
of course this sentence could be they
told me I have to work tomorrow
it sounds more like a command in that
case here they said I have to work
tomorrow is very neutral and just a
simple report of speech okay next one he
really needs to something something with
his client so here is a big hint word we
have the word with here and we also have
client here which shows maybe a business
or a work setting therefore we can guess
the verb should be speak he really needs
to speak with his client okay great
next one have you something something
your mother the news the news so here
news is a big hint new information new
information and we have a person a
person in the object position a person
is going to receive new information so
have you told your mother the news is
the correct sentence here so have you
told bla bla bla is actually a really
good sentence for you to remember have
you told your mom about that have you
told your dad about that have you told
your dog about your new park
I don't know so anytime you want to pass
information or ask a question about
information being passed
please use tell to do that like we've
done here have you told someone okay
let's go to the next one we something
something about this at the last meeting
so again meeting here is a big hint that
it is a work or a more form
situation we see that this is the last
meeting so something that has finished
already so let's use past tense spoke we
spoke about this at the last meeting we
spoke about this is the last meeting
here I have introduced something
slightly different from this speak with
or speak to if you want to mention a
topic rather than about a person we can
use speak about a topic speak about
something hmm
we spoke about this at the last meeting
we can use speak to introduce a topic as
well so please note that this is an
option ok let's go to the next one you
always bah bah bah nice things nice
thing so always here I have a word which
indicates a regular action something
that is always true we talked about an
example over here though I used never
here however the grammar is still the
same we should still use the same
grammar nuance the same grammar point
here so let's use the present tense say
you always say nice thing
so someone always says positive things
or someone always makes very positive
comments like for example everybody in
the comments on these videos everybody
always says very nice things we can use
always say to talk about something that
a person always says ok finally same
thing he always something something the
truth ok now this is tricky I've used
always here
I used always in the previous one as
well but the thing I want to point out
is this the truth at the end of the
sentence there's a set phrase in English
we don't use say we actually use tell
with the expression the truth he always
tells the truth so the expressions tell
the truth and the opposite tell a lie we
always use the verb tell with this you
might hear I sometimes hear non-native
speakers of English they say a lie
or say the truth but this is not natural
please be sure to use tell the truth or
tell a lie we always use tell in these
cases so please be careful of that okay
but we've talked about a lot of
different ways to use these three verbs
and I hope that it's a little bit more
clear now when to use them
especially say until many people have a
little bit of confusion between these
two but speak is also quite useful as
well okay so I hope that was useful for
you if you have any questions please be
sure to leave them in the comment
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